Use the mysql credentials to login in mysql server:
# mysql -u root -p
Select the database by using use command:
mysql> use mysql;
Change password for user test, enter:
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("NEWPASSWORD") where User='test';
Finally, reload the privileges:
mysql> flush privileges; mysql> quit
Dnsmasq is a lightweight DNS forwarder and resource constrained routers and firewalls. It is widely used for tethering on smartphones and portable hotspots, and to support virtual networking in virtualisation frameworks. Dnsmasq is included in most Linux distributions like FreeBSD, OpenBSD and NetBSD.
First install dnsmasq package using yum command.
# yum -y install dnsmasq
Configure dnsmasq service as per following settings.
# vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf # line 19: uncomment (never forward plain names) domain-needed # line 21: uncomment (never forward addresses in the non-routed address spaces) bogus-priv # line 41: uncomment (query with each server strictly in the order in resolv.conf) strict-order # line 55: add if you need # query the specific domain name to the specific DNS server # the example follows means query [server.education] domain to the [10.0.0.10] server server=/server.education/10.0.0.10 # line 123: uncomment (add domain name automatically) expand-hosts # line 133: add (define domain name) domain=tecdistro
Run the DHCP service by using below command and start service.
# systemctl start dnsmasq # systemctl enable dnsmasq
# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 # add records 10.0.0.30 dlp.tecdistro dlp
Restart the dnsmasq service.
# systemctl restart dnsmasq
# firewall-cmd --add-service=dns --permanent success # firewall-cmd --reload success
File Transfer Protocol(FTP) is a network protocol used for the transfer of files between a client and server on network.
First create FTP user by using following method.
# useradd test # passwd test
Make a directory in ftpdata folder
# cd /ftpdata/ # ls -l # mkdir test # chown test:staff test
In order to assign quota to FTP user below is the method.
# zfs create ftpdata/test # zfs set quota=50M ftpdata/test
Thanks, all done 🙂
SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is a protocol used to monitor servers. It is used for collecting information from, and configuring, network devices, such as servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers on an Internet Protocol (IP) network.\
# yum install -y net-snmp net-snmp-utils
# cd /etc/snmp # cp -p snmpd.conf snmpd.conf.dist # echo "rocommunity public">snmpd.conf # echo "syslocation here" >>snmpd.conf # echo "syscontact root@localhost" >>snmpd.conf
# systemctl enable snmpd && systemctl start snmpd
# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public -O e 127.0.0.1 SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux rhel7.example.com 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 26 16:51:22 EST 2013 x86_64 SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10 ...
The utmpx and wtmpx files are extended database files that have superseded the obsolete utmp and wtmp database files.
The utmpx database contains user access and accounting information for commands such as who(1), write(1), and login(1). The wtmpx database contains the history of user access and accounting information for the utmpx database.
In order to create a backup of wtmpx first check the disk space in /tmp and then copy the file in /tmp directory
# /usr/lib/acct/fwtmp < /var/adm/wtmpx > /tmp/wtmpx.orig
To empty wtmpx file us the following command
# cat /dev/null > /var/adm/wtmpx
Create a zip of original wtmpx file using gzip command
# gzip /tmp/wtmpx.orig
Copy original wtmpx file in /var/adm/ for audit purpose
# cp /tmp/wtmpx.orig.gz /var/adm/
For installation of top, download the following package.
# wget http://www.sunfreeware.com/sparc/10/top-3.6.1-sol10-sparc-local.gz
Extract top package using below command.
# gunzip top-3.6.1-sol10-sparc-local.gz
Install and configure top package as given below:
# pkgadd -d top-3.6.1-sol10-sparc-local
The following packages are available:
1 SMCtop top
(sparc) 3.6.1
Select package(s) you wish to process (or 'all' to process
all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]:
Processing package instance from
top(sparc) 3.6.1
LeFebvre et al
The selected base directory must exist before
installation is attempted.
Do you want this directory created now [y,n,?,q] y
Using as the package base directory.
## Processing package information.
## Processing system information.
## Verifying disk space requirements.
## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.
Installing top as
## Installing part 1 of 1.
/usr/local/bin/sparcv7/top
/usr/local/bin/sparcv9/top
/usr/local/bin/top
/usr/local/doc/top/Changes
/usr/local/doc/top/FAQ
/usr/local/doc/top/INSTALL
/usr/local/doc/top/LICENSE
/usr/local/doc/top/README
/usr/local/doc/top/Y2K
/usr/local/man/man1/top.1
[ verifying class ]
Installation of was successful.
Set the default path of top command in user’s profile.
#echo $PATH /usr/sbin:/usr/bin #vi ~.profile PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
# format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c1t0d0
/pci@1f,0/pci@1/scsi@8/sd@0,0
1. c1t1d0
/pci@1f,0/pci@1/scsi@8/sd@1,0
Specify disk (enter its number): ^Z
# prtvtoc /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s2 > c1t0d0s2.vtoc
# fmthard -s c1t0d0s2.vtoc /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s2
# df -kh
# metadb -a -c 3 -f c1t0d0s7 c1t1d0s7
# umount /export/home
# metadb -a -c 3 -f c1t0d0s7 c1t1d0s7
# umount /export/home0
# metadb -a -c 3 -f c1t0d0s7 c1t1d0s7
# metainit -f d11 1 1 c1t0d0s0
# metainit -f d12 1 1 c1t1d0s0
# metainit d10 -m d11
# metaroot d10
# metainit -f d21 1 1 c1t0d0s1
# metainit -f d22 1 1 c1t1d0s1
# metainit d20 -m d21
# metastat | grep %
# vi /etc/vfstab
#device device mount FS fsck mount mount
#to mount to fsck point type pass at boot options
#
fd - /dev/fd fd - no -
/proc - /proc proc - no -
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s1 - - swap - no -
/dev/md/dsk/d10 /dev/md/rdsk/d10 / ufs 1 no -
#/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7 /dev/rdsk/c1t0d0s7 /export/home ufs 2 yes -
#/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7 /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s7 /export/home0 ufs 2 yes -
/devices - /devices devfs - no -
sharefs - /etc/dfs/sharetab sharefs - no -
ctfs - /system/contract ctfs - no -
objfs - /system/object objfs - no -
swap - /tmp tmpfs - yes -
Passwordless SSH authentication is used when we need to configure cluster on remote server or for database configuration. To login via SSH without password we have to use ssh-keygen, ssh-keygen creates the public and private keys. ssh-copy-id copies the local-host’s public key to the remote-host’s authorized_keys file. ssh-copy-id also assigns proper permission to the remote-host’s home, ~/.ssh, and ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
Firstly, we generate authentication keys using the following commands. In our case there are two server i.e. sun1 and sun2, we will generate public and private keys on both solaris machines.
sun1# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (//.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in //.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in //.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: d6:80:39:44:9e:c4:0f:78:18:f7:9c:eb:f4:64:96:c4 root@sun1
Now generate public and private keys using ssh-keygen on other server.
sun2# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (//.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in //.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in //.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 31:0c:f9:6a:c1:c2:0e:cb:f0:3c:07:76:28:fa:a2:f4 root@sun2
Next step is to copy the public key (.pub) file to other machine (sun2).
sun1# cd /.ssh sun1# scp -r id_rsa.pub sun2:/.ssh/authorized_keys Password: id_rsa.pub 100%|*****************************************************************| 219 00:00
Now also copy the generated public key (.pub) to remote machine (sun1).
sun1# cd /.ssh sun1# scp -r id_rsa.pub 172.25.26.101:/.ssh/authorized_keys Password: id_rsa.pub 100% |********************************************************************************************************************| 219 00:00
Now you can freely login to remote-machine without password to sun2 server
sun1# ssh 172.25.26.101 Last login: Tue May 2 13:49:40 2017 from sun1 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.10 Generic Patch January 2005 sun2#
All done. Enjoy Passwordless authentication on both servers.
TightVNC is a cross-platform free and open-source remote desktop software application.
In order to install TightVNC, first install “X Window System” as prerequisites.
# yum groupinstall "X Window System" "Desktop"
# yum -y install tigervnc-server xorg-x11-fonts-Type1
Edit the TightVNC configuration file and set the geometry according to your monitor screen.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers VNCSERVERS="1:test" VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 1280x1024"
Create test user so that user is able to view the GUI accordingly.
# useradd test # passwd test
# su - test # vncpasswd
Start VNC Server, it will open the session against the users so that users are able to view the Graphical User Interface and enjoy.
# /etc/init.d/vncserver start Shutting down VNC server: [ OK ] Starting VNC server: 1:test New 'test:1 (test)' desktop is test:1 Starting applications specified in /home/test/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/test/.vnc/test:1.log [ OK ]
# chkconfig vncserver on
Hundreds of companies are now using the open-source Prometheus monitoring solution in production, across telecommunications and cloud providers across video streaming and databases.
In the run-up to CloudNativeCon + KubeCon Europe 2017, which takes place in Berlin from March 29 to 30, we spoke with Brian Brazil, the founder of Robust Perception, and one of the core developers of the Prometheus project, who at CloudNativeCon a keynote on Prometheus Will give. Be sure to catch the full Prometheus track at the conference.
With a traditional setup, there was a relatively small number of services, each with their own machine. Monitoring was based on machine metrics like CPU usage and free memory, which are the best way to alert to user problems. In a cloud Native world, where many different services not only divide machines, but the way in which they share them is in constant flux, such an approach is not scalable.
In the same way that the move has been made from the manual management of machines and services to tools such as Chef and now Kubernetes, we must make a similar transition in the surveillance area.
Prometheus client libraries allow you to orchestrate your applications for the metrics and KPIs that are important in your system. For third-party applications like Cassandra, HAProxy, or MySQL, there are a variety of exporters to reveal their useful metrics.
The data collected by Prometheus are enriched by labels. Labels are arbitrary key-value pairs that can be used to distinguish the development cluster from the production environment, or which HTTP endpoints the metric is broken.
The PromQL query language allows for aggregation based on these labels, the calculation of 95th percentile latencies per container, service or data center, prognosis, and any other mathematics that you want to do. What is more: If you are doing it graphically, you can point it out. This gives you the power to have warnings about what is really important to you and your users, and helps eliminate these late night alerts for non-problems.